Ruminants have acquired a unique rumen fermentation system in the long-term natural evolution process. The fermentation process of feed in the rumen will cause the loss of energy and ammonia nitrogen. The energy loss in the form of methane accounts for 2% to 15% of the total feed energy. This not only leads to the loss of nutrients and the reduction of production performance, but also affects the environment. Caused pollution.
Therefore, it has become an important field in the research of ruminant nutrition to improve the utilization of feed, improve the production performance of ruminants, and reduce environmental pollution by regulating the rumen. The use of ionophores as a regulator can improve rumen fermentation and effectively control the production of methane. However, due to the teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and drug residue problems of antibiotics and chemical additives, as well as the promulgation and implementation of the EU ban on antibiotics, people are beginning to increase The more attention has been paid to the application research and practice of extracting effective ingredients from natural plants as rumen regulators.
Saponin (saponin), also known as saponin or saponin, is a relatively complex compound, named for its ability to produce a large amount of long-lasting soap-like foam when its aqueous solution is shaken. In recent years, the separation technology and structural research methods of saponins have developed rapidly, and a large number of new saponins have been separated and identified. Saponins have also shown broad application prospects due to their extensive pharmacological and biological activities.
Numerous studies have shown that saponins are a kind of plant secondary metabolites that can regulate ruminant fermentation and are beneficial to the production of plants. This article reviews the latest research progress on the chemical structure, distribution and existence of saponins and the effects of saponins on ruminant fermentation and production performance, and provides references for the development of saponins as additives for regulating ruminant fermentation in my country.
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